The basic principle of photovoltaic energy storage lithium battery

1.1 Principle of Photovoltaic Power Generation

Photovoltaic power generation is the process of converting sunlight directly into electrical energy through solar panels. Solar panels are mainly made of silicon materials. When sunlight shines on the panels, photons excite electrons in silicon atoms to generate current. This process is usually called the photovoltaic effect. By connecting multiple solar cell modules in series and parallel, a stable power output can be obtained.

1.2 Principle of Lithium Battery Energy Storage

Lithium battery is a chemical energy storage device based on lithium ions in charge and discharge reactions. It consists of a positive electrode, a negative electrode, an electrolyte and a separator. When charging, lithium ions migrate from the positive electrode to the negative electrode through the electrolyte to store energy; when discharging, lithium ions migrate from the negative electrode to the positive electrode to release energy for use by the external circuit. Lithium batteries have become the most common energy storage solution due to their high energy density, long cycle life and light weight.

1.3 Combination of photovoltaic and energy storage systems

In photovoltaic power generation, due to the intermittent and unstable nature of solar energy, it is impossible to continuously supply power at night or on rainy days, so energy storage equipment is needed to solve the problem of power fluctuations. Photovoltaic energy storage systems store excess electricity during the day in lithium batteries, ensuring a stable supply of electricity when there is no sunlight. Lithium batteries play a vital role in this process.