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بيت مدونة BMS, The “Brain” Of The Battery

BMS, The “Brain” Of The Battery

Oct 12, 2025

Battery Management System (BMS) is an electronic system that monitors and manages rechargeable battery packs, especially lithium-ion batteries.

low voltage lithium battery

In an energy storage system, the BMS, often referred to as the "intelligent hub," performs essential functions such as battery monitoring, protection, balancing, and state estimation. It controls the critical aspects of battery performance, safety, and lifespan.

The BMS transmits battery status information—such as voltage, current, temperature, and alarms—to the inverter via a communication protocol. The inverter then uses this information data adjust energy conversion and flow, ensuring safe and efficient system operation.

hybrid inverter

Core Functions:

1) SOC (State of Charge) Technology: It measures the remaining charge in the battery.

SOC is the most important parameter in a BMS. Since all other functions depend on it, its accuracy and robustness—also referred to as error correction capability—are critical. Without an accurate SOC, no matter how many protection features are implemented, the BMS will not operate properly. The battery will remain in a protected state continuously, preventing the extension of its lifespan.

2) Cell Balancing Technology

Passive balancing typically employs resistive heat dissipation to release excess charge from high-capacity batteries, thereby achieving charge balancing. This method is characterized by a simple, reliable circuit design and low cost.

Active balancing transfers excess charge to high-capacity cells during charging and redistributes charge to low-capacity cells during discharging, thereby enhancing overall battery efficiency.

 A complete battery energy storage system(BESS) can consist of tens, hundreds, or even thousands of lithium-ion batteries. The battery pack can supply currents of up to 300A or more. Any mismanagement of high-voltage battery packs can result in catastrophic disasters that threaten lives. Therefore, a Battery Management System (BMS) is crucial to ensure safe operation.

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